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The effect of individual components of bee venom on the human body
Spurný, Jakub ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Čapková Frydrychová, Radmila (referee)
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) uses the sting apparatus to defend itself. It consists of a sting's part and a part related to the production of poison. Bee venom is secreted by special venom glands of bees. The chemical composition of the poison is a mixture of amino acides, peptides and enzymes with the various (patho)physiological effects. Some components of bee venom, for example, cause the breakdown of red blood cells, inhibit tissue excitement, increase heart rate and mean arterial pressure or cause an allergic reaction. On the other hand, the same components of bee venom also show significant positive effects on the human body. These effects have been reported in some diseases of the nervous system (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis), integument (Acne vulgaris) and in the treatment of oncological diseases. For this reason, the study of bee venom components and their potential use in the therapy of various pathological conditions and diseases is important. Key words: sting apparatus; bee venom; organ system; therapy
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Lower-secondary students' drawings as a tool for finding their knowledge about human body constitution
ČURDOVÁ, Hana
Presented bachelor thesis evaluates drawings of primary school pupils in relation to determine their knowledge about human body from biological point of view. There were involved 120 pupils in this research. Sixty of them were from the 6th grade and the other 60 pupils were from the 8th grade. Students were supposed to draw and describe internal structures of human body, which they considered as importnant, on printed silhouette of human body in the given paper. They were also asked to link those organs into functional organ systems. After that, they arbitrarily chose two of those systems, which they were supposed to describe more in detail and draw them again into two additional silhouettes. The evaluation was made on the basis of previously established criteria, which were based on the evaluation of drawings in Reiss and Tunnicliffe (2001) research. There were also watched chosen misconceptions about human body structure in created drawings. In evaluating the number of drawn internal structures in the first summary drawing, the pupils of the 6th grade achieved mostly the level involving 8 - 9 drawn internal structures, while the majority of the pupils of the 8th grade reached the lower level, involving only 6 - 7 drawn internal structures. Of all the drawn internal structures which were drawn by both grades, the most frequent were brain and heart. In terms of misplaced internal structures the 6th grade pupils had more wrongly drawn structures of human body than the 8th grade pupils. In assessment of functional connection of organs into individual organ systems was found that almost none of the pupils were able to connect the organs into complete organ systems. In the second part of testing, most of the 6th grade pupils chose respiratory and digestive systems, and the 8th grade pupils chose respiratory and nerve systems.
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Art expression as a means of determining the knowledge of selected subject in pupils of primary school
KAVKOVÁ, Šárka
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of knowledge and ideas of pupils how they understand human organ systems. Knowledge is verified based on spontaneous production of children's drawings using a thematic didactic test. The thesis uses cross-sectional research involving a total of 118 pupils from the first to the fifth class of the primary school. For the research project, pupils were given a blank piece A4 sized paper and were asked to draw the organ systems in their body. Research tables have been created from a set of drawings and common characters. The results of the research show level of understanding of human organ systems in individual classes.
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